Mafi cikakken ilimin buɗaɗɗen ramuka, don Allah tarin masu hakar ma'adinai

Mafi cikakken ilimin buɗaɗɗen ramuka, don Allah tarin masu hakar ma'adinai

Na farko, abubuwan da ke tattare da abubuwa uku na buɗaɗɗen ramin mineSteps: Dutsen ma'adinai ya kasu zuwa wani kauri na kwance a kwance, a cikin aikin hakar ma'adinai kowane matakin aiki a sararin samaniya ya zama mataki. Kowane mataki ana kiransa mataki, kuma tsayinsa ya zama tsayin mataki.

Mataki gangara: karkata saman matakin zuwa gefen yankin ma'adinai. An kira kusurwar da ke tsakanin saman da aka karkata da kuma jirgin sama mai kwance da ake kira matakin karkatar da hankali Platform (flat disk): sararin saman da ke kwance tsakanin layin kasa da saman layin gangaren mataki.

Nisa tsakanin layin ƙasa na gangaren da saman layin gangaren ana kiransa nisa dandamali, kuma dandamali a cikin fashewar fashewa, shebur da ayyukan sufuri ana kiransa dandamalin aiki; nisa tsakanin gefen tari mai fashewa da layin saman gangaren ana kiransa tsayin dandamalin aiki; kuma dandalin da ake amfani da shi don katse dutsen da ke zamewa ana kiransa dandali na aminci.

Na gaba, muna magana musamman game da tsarin hakar ma'adinai na buɗaɗɗen ramin ma'adinai.

Na biyu, aikin huda

Aikin ma'adinai shine tsari na farko na buɗaɗɗen ramin hakar ma'adinai, kuma a cikin dukkan tsarin hakar ma'adinan ramin buɗe ido, farashin fasinja ya kai kusan 10% -15% na yawan kuɗin da ake samarwa.

1. Kasan ramin hakowa

Down rami hako na'ura mai hako kwana canji kewayon, babban mataki na injiniyoyi, rage karin aiki lokaci, inganta aiki kudi na hakowa na'ura, da kuma saukar da rami hako na'urar hannu da m, kayan aiki nauyi ne mai haske, low zuba jari halin kaka, musamman ta hanyar hako ramuka iri-iri don sarrafa ma'adinin ma'adinai, na iya kawar da tushen ƙasa, rage manyan tubalan, da haɓaka ingancin fashewar. Don haka, ana amfani da na'urorin haƙo ramuka sosai a ƙanana da matsakaita masu girma dabam a gida da waje, kuma sun dace da ratsa tsaunuka masu matsakaici da tama.

2. Tumbler rig

Toothed Wheel Drilling Rig wani sabon nau'in kayan aikin hako ne na zamani wanda aka ƙera akan na'urar hakowa mai jujjuyawa, wanda ke da fasalulluka na inganci mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin tsadar aiki, manyan injina da sarrafa kansa, kuma ya dace da lalata taurin daban-daban na tama da dutse, kuma ya zama kayan aikin huda da aka saba amfani da su a budadden ma’adinan ramin a duk fadin duniya.

3. Dolly mai hako dutse

Rock Drill Trolley sabon nau'in kayan aikin hako dutse ne wanda ya bayyana tare da haɓaka masana'antar hakar ma'adinai. Yana da daya ko da yawa dutsen atisaye tare da atomatik propellers sanya a cikin wani musamman hako hannun ko dandali, kuma yana da hanyar tafiya, ta yadda da dutsen rawar soja aiki a kan inji.

Aikin fashewa

Makasudin aikin fashewar bututun shine don tarwatsa tsayayyen dutsen tama da kuma samar da hako mai girman da ya dace don aikin hakar ma'adinai. A cikin jimlar farashin buɗaɗɗen ramin hakar ma'adinai, farashin fashewar abubuwa ya kai kusan 15-20%. Ingancin fashewar bama-bamai, ba wai kai tsaye ya shafi hakar ma'adinai, sufuri, murkushe murkushewa da sauran ingancin kayan aiki ba, har ma yana shafar jimillar farashin ma'adinan.

1. busa shuki mai zurfi

Ƙunƙarar fashewar rami mai zurfi ta amfani da ƙaramin diamita na ramin harsashi, yawanci kusan 30-75 mm, zurfin rami harsashi. Gabaɗaya ƙasa da mita 5, wani lokacin har zuwa mita 8 ko makamancin haka, kamar hakowa tare da ɗigon dutse, ana iya ƙara zurfin rami. Ana amfani da fashewar ramuka mai zurfi don samar da ƙananan ƙananan buɗaɗɗen ma'adinai ko ma'adanai, kogon dutse, tono rami, fashe na biyu na karye, sabon buɗaɗɗen fakiti na ma'adinan, samuwar gangaren buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen guda- hanyar shiga ramin bango da wasu fashe-fashe na musamman.

2. rami mai zurfi

Zurfin hOle fashewa shine amfani da kayan aikin hakowa don haƙa ramuka masu zurfi, azaman hanyar fashewar fashewar fashewar ma'adinai. Fashewa mai zurfi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ma'adinan ramin ya dogara ne akan samar da fashewar mataki. Ana amfani da kayan aikin hakowa mai zurfi a cikin aikace-aikacen hakowa mai zurfi da hakowa. Hakowarta na iya hako ramuka masu zurfi a tsaye, amma kuma tana iya tona ramukan karkata. Load da ramukan da aka karkata sun fi daidaituwa, kuma ingancin fashewar dutsen ma'adinai ya fi kyau, samar da yanayi mai kyau don aikin hakar ma'adinai da lodi. Don rage tasirin girgizar ƙasa da haɓaka ingancin fashewar fashewar abubuwa, ana iya ɗaukar wasu yanayi a cikin manyan wuraren fashewar fashewar abubuwa daban-daban, lodawa ko ƙasa na ɗaukar tazara ta iska da sauran matakan don rage farashin fashewar fashewar, don cimma mafi kyawu. amfanin tattalin arziki.

3.Bama-bamai

Fashewar ƴan gudun hijira adadi ne mai girma ko kuma adadi mai yawa na abubuwan fashewa, wanda aka shigar a cikin hanyar fashewar ɗakin rami mai fashewa. Ana amfani da ma'adinan buɗaɗɗen ramin ne kawai a lokacin ginin babban birnin kuma a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, ƙwanƙwasa a cikin yanayi kuma a cikin buƙatun hakar ma'adinai yana da girma sosai lokacin amfani.

4, Multi-jere rami bambancin ayukan iska mai ƙarfi hanya

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da karfin guga na tono da kuma karuwa mai ban mamaki wajen samar da ma'adinan buɗaɗɗen ramin, abubuwan da ake buƙata na ma'adinan buɗaɗɗen ramin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen ramin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen ramuka a duk lokacin da adadin fashewar yana da yawa, saboda wannan dalili, gida. da ma'adinan budadden rami na kasashen waje a cikin amfani da manyan ramuka daban-daban na fashewa daban-daban, ramukan da yawa daban-daban na fashewar iska mai ƙarfi da sauran manyan hanyoyin fashewa. Fa'idodin fashewar fashewar ramuka mai yawa-jere: babban adadin fashewar fashewar fashewar abubuwa, rage yawan fashewar fashewar da guje wa lokacin bindiga, haɓaka ƙimar amfani da kayan aikin hakar ma'adinai Inganta ƙimar murkushe dutsen tama, ƙimar girma shine 40% -50% ƙasa da juzu'in ramuka guda ɗaya Inganta ingantaccen kayan aikin perforating game da 10% -15%, wanda shine haɓakar ƙimar amfani da lokacin aiki da kayan aikin ɓarna da fashewar fashewar bayan rage yawan ayyukan da ake yi a cikin wurin cikawa. don inganta ingantaccen aikin hakar ma'adinai da kayan sufuri kusan 10% -15%.

5, Multi-jere rami bambancin matsi ayukan iska mai ƙarfi hanya

Yana nufin aikin fashe fashe tari a cikin yanayin fashewar ramin ramuka da yawa. Kasancewar tarin ballast, don ƙirƙirar yanayi don extrusion, a gefe guda, na iya tsawaita ingantaccen lokacin fashewa, haɓaka amfani da abubuwan fashewa da tasirin murkushewa; a daya bangaren kuma, na iya sarrafa fadin tulin fashewar, don kaucewa warwatsawar dutsen ma'adinai. Matsakaicin ramin ramuka da yawa daban-daban matsi na lokacin tazara fiye da na yau da kullun daban-daban fashewar fashewar 30% -50% daidai, buɗaɗɗen ma'adinan ramin sau da yawa suna amfani da 50-100ms.